|
在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!. D% a* J* m0 m. S/ u8 i' V
1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:9 F) f9 R# G5 ~ L7 ~
( J2 ~1 K! N7 Q8 ^2 ~0 |
The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。& \9 n) p6 ~; `
; t! [- w2 ~4 W( Y* i
The point to note here…/ c& ]" _& `# J% t! @4 S
! q- R% f9 D5 D7 H
2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:0 i [6 r% S) `+ q `: M; C. t
+ ~' Q0 S5 s: J There are three major reasons…
+ t0 B2 M8 O9 f; S, p
1 e& ?) J A$ ^8 s( Q 3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:0 [! e, E b3 Q' `1 p
3 d* w3 \9 ~) x% Y- L
The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。
6 b5 ]* ^; G( n& u5 q0 H- L! ]1 y$ e9 _
4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:
x3 Y, ^) N6 ]; j" G: \
; P8 X- q, Y! `2 l: j: H/ Q7 _ Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。
% i" P1 h6 }3 M' z6 L! K( H5 M$ p9 i4 j! w& R- F
5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:
5 W4 r5 I8 }' ^7 F$ x$ W
( c* i" p2 K+ m Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
' g% C+ H3 D+ |4 c/ m ?$ M+ S
2 Q0 Q5 i1 X* z 6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:7 x; g0 |; n; s$ }" `: \
& ]6 R8 f* s# A! p: ~, w, f/ V4 e, @ Therefore/the result
$ P8 {" U* |( O3 i8 }) F' T3 [3 s( M5 h: m) |5 T
In conclusion/we can conclude( L) l% k; e1 c
! _* k/ Q6 U7 }: Y One of the primary conclusions
8 E! F& |9 A% |/ ~6 q6 t
v/ s# Z/ e4 u) S. t 7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。
( _4 R! R* }$ ^: _7 t1 e
% |9 J! z4 x3 \ ^* A For example/instancelike
9 q$ X$ S4 N1 O8 l- _* E; h/ x* p7 y+ s9 R3 ]- |4 D
Such as these include
9 `5 C8 b+ e) q3 Q1 Y8 T; C6 b
) z% u$ _6 L2 D" v& U& s To illustrate among these are
1 a/ e* K2 ^$ v6 R2 N% F! e% _% n+ z( {5 q: G) p; g
有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:
5 R4 t/ L; N2 ?
3 [$ k2 }: v1 Y* q* p& \- U; l The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。6 v$ t, }6 x7 @2 z- U/ ^
# V$ ]; d: ]# J Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…/ ]: F/ p; f o0 u
& f" U! v% V) H, V8 L 在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:+ P' ?7 ^9 g- V* q0 `! V; }
% _% I) Z& ?( V! P$ p% `
The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。
1 N/ y/ k' c2 ^" R4 @ f$ u0 H$ q' L1 G$ _5 r, [+ ]
Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
, R- t9 Y- q3 f4 O1 B; n6 g# w, Y; i6 p
|
|